LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Several mechanisms mediating a perioperative decrease in renal function have been identified within recent years and several biomarkers have been proposed to facilitate early detection of AKI, i.e., neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney-injury molecule -1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), interleukin-18 (IL-18), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2) [17].