A sensitivity analysis of the clinical activity of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and the anti-PD-L1 agent atezolizumab in NSCLC [41–48] demonstrated that overall response rates were significantly lower in patients with PD-L1 low tumors (1–5 % tumor cells stained using various PD-L1 assays) than in patients with PD-L1 high tumors [42]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.