These results are also consistent with our previous observation on TLR2-/-, TLR3-/- and TLR4-/- mice after infection with N67; parasitemia from these TLR KO mice were different from those of WT on one or more days after infection with N67 parasite [8], suggesting that these receptors play a role in host response to N67 infection. Here, TLR4 is linked to parasitic infectious disease.