LCN2 and lobular neoplasia: While these studies have identified some potential urinary biomarkers for diagnosis and management of LN, such as MCP-1 [7, 9, 14–16], NGAL [8, 12, 17–21], TWEAK [11, 14, 22–24], and sVCAM-1 [13, 25–27], there has been no comprehensive survey of urinary proteins to evaluate whether the above proteins constitute the best potential markers of active renal disease.