TLR4 and infection: Kropf et al. [12, 13] found similar results in terms of kinetics of infection in the absence of TLR4 when using L. major LV39 in a similar infection model; lesions in C57BL/10ScN mice which lack a functional TLR4 gene had larger lesions just after the acute phase of infection (day 53), and higher parasite burdens at several time points (early and late stages of infection), when compared to their WT counterparts (C57BL/10ScSn).