Independent risk factors for PNO in the multivariate analysis were high cystatin C levels at admission (OR 2.06 (95 % CI 1.00–4.25)), initial non-shockable rhythm (OR 5.07 (95 % CI 2.40–10.74)), presence of AKI (OR 2.67 (95 % CI 1.32–5.40)), low base excess levels at admission (OR 2.07 (95 % CI 1.00–4.26)) and high SOFA score at admission (OR 2.45 (95 % CI 1.08–5.57)). This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and acute kidney injury.