THBS2 and schistosomiasis: Sm-TSP-2 is currently being developed by the Sabin Vaccine Institute Product Development Partnership as a 9 kDa recombinant Sm-TSP-2/Alhydrogel® vaccine in combination with the GLA-AF adjuvant; it has undergone toxicology studies [36], has shown good preclinical results, expression of the antigen can be readily scaled up [37] (http://www.sabin.org/updates/pressreleases/phase-1-clinical-trial-sm-tsp-2-schistosomiasis-vaccine), and the vaccine has completed a phase 1 clinical trial although the outcome is not yet known.