In ANOVA modeling, leptin concentrations in SF and SOCS-3 expression in cartilage significantly explained levels of SF MMP-1 and MMP-3 in the obese but not in the non-obese group (Table 3) pointing to obesity-related association of leptin and SOCS-3 in OA pathophysiology. The gene discussed is MMP3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.