After controlling for age and gender, serum betatrophin concentrations were significantly increased in subjects with high TG levels (P = 0.001) and with lowest tertile of vitamin D levels (P = 0.013), and tended to be higher in T2DM (P = 0.059 vs. normal subjects; P = 0.137 vs. IFG/IGT). This evidence concerns the gene ANGPTL8 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.