Thus, at least in the present study, we did not observe the promising role of betatrophin in promoting insulin secretion or improving glucose tolerance as reported in mice [3]; conversely, we found increased betatrophin levels were associated increased HbA1c and glucose under vitamin D deficiency status; while a negative association between betatrophin levels and HOMA-IR or insulin levels were only observed under higher vitamin D levels, which in line with a recent study including 75 children [20]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is vitamin D deficiency.