In addition, by detecting effects with the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, that are in direct contrast to those observed with the CXCL12 analog, CTCE-0214D, in endotoxemia, we can hypothesize that treatment with CTCE-0214D exerts its protective effects mainly via CXCR4. The gene discussed is CXCR4; the disease is serum lipopolysaccharide activity.