As stated in Chapter “Cystic Fibrosis: a clinical view”, CF is the most common genetically inherited disease in Caucasian populations (1 in 3500 newborns in Europe) [13, 14] and 70–90 % of CF individuals harbour the F508del mutation on at least one allele [15], which results in misfolding and incorrect processing of CFTR to the apical membrane. This evidence concerns the gene CFTR and cystic fibrosis.