In our previous study with AdNP, we saw an increase in the number of CD8+ T cells in the lungs and MLN when vaccinating both s.c. and i.n. As with AdNP, combined local and systemic vaccination with AdIiPB1 resulted in higher numbers of CD8+ T cells in the MLN and BAL, and this correlated with a reduction in viral titers in the lungs 5 and 7 days post infection. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is infection.