In addition, three uRCC tumours with somatic SMARCB1 mutations (T23, T38 and T41) retained the INI1 protein expression (encoded by SMARCB1), and were histologically distinct from renal medullary carcinoma that exhibits characteristic INI1 loss and occurs in individuals with sickle cell trait or other hemoglobinopathies52 (Supplementary Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene SMARCB1 and kidney medullary carcinoma.