The results also demonstrate the efficacy of the 8K PTD for functional delivery of NBD in vivo, a result that has been confirmed using 8K-NBD in mouse models of muscular dystrophy (mdx), accelerated aging (ERCC1-deficient), inflammatory bowel disease (IL-10-/-), type 1 diabetes (NOD) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in Dba1 mice. This evidence concerns the gene ERCC1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.