DEFB103A and in situ carcinoma: Jin et al. showed that hBD3 expression in tumor microenvironment was associated with intratumoral accumulation of CCR2-expressing macrophages in oral CIS lesions and in nude mice model and that hBD3 induced production of multiple cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 by macrophages [16, 17].