Increased levels of TGF-β have been reported in several ocular surface diseases, and have been implicated in their pathogenesis, including pterygium, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), graft-versus-host disease, and in the DE conjunctiva [23]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pterygium.