Finally, comprehensive molecular characterization of high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinomas in humans revealed that signaling through four pathways: 1) p53/Rb, 2) histone modification, 3) RTK/Ras/PI(3)K, and 4) SWI/SNF complex pathways, was altered via loss of tumor suppressor function or gain of oncogene function in tumors [12]. Here, TP53 is linked to neoplasm.