TNF and malignant colon neoplasm: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the initiation and propagation of CRC, upregulates 5-LOX, LTC4 synthase and CysLT1 while downregulating CysLT2 expression in SW-480, HCT-116, HT-29, and Caco-2 colon cancer cells (Yudina et al., 2008).