CCL2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: MCP-1 expression in T2D may be related to the hyperglycemia as high glucose treatment of endothelial cells from diabetic subjects resulted in a 40–70 % increase of MCP-1 and a 10–20 % increase of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression, suggesting a synergistic enhancement due to monocyte-endothelial cell interaction [20].