Amino acid-induced mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) activation causes phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), leading to the occurrence of insulin resistance; (4) glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis in liver and cause hyperglycemia; and (5) non-specific binding of glucocorticoids to its receptor in the kidneys causes an increase in sodium retention, potassium excretion, water retention, and plasma volume concomitantly with elevation of blood pressure [87, 88, 90]. The gene discussed is IRS1; the disease is Insulin resistance.