We also observed a significant increase in CD31+ endothelial cells in DIO tumours (Fig. 4b,c, white arrows for brown CD31 staining) in an NLRC4 inflammasome-dependent manner as blockade of IL-1R1 or the loss of the NLRC4 inflammasome (Casp1/11−/− or Nlrc4−/−) reduced CD31+ staining in Py8119 tumours from DIO mice (Fig. 4b,c). The gene discussed is PECAM1; the disease is neoplasm.