We found that CASP11 was primarily present in CD11b+ cells; however, the cleaved CASP11 was lower in tumours from HFD mice (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 4e, right panels), suggesting that CASP1 but not CASP11 is activated in tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells under obesity. Here, SCAF11 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.