NR3C2 and atrial fibrillation: The Aldosterone Receptor Blockade in Diastolic Heart Failure (ALDO-DHF) study mainly enrolled participants with hypertensive, another major risk factor for HFpEF.22, 23 While 92% of the trial patients had hypertension, only 5% of the study population (n=22) had AF at presentation.22, 23 The Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) study24, 25 included a higher proportion of participants with AF (mainly paroxysmal AF).