NF-κB has been reported to be involved in the expression of IL-1β and Casp-1 [38] and JNK activation has been correlated with interstitial macrophage accumulation, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression, interstitial fibrosis, and loss of renal function in human DN [39, 40]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and liver dysplastic nodule.