Several molecular alterations were identified in last year’s, which included genetic and epigenetic alterations in signalling pathways, like MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinases are known also as ERK – extracellular signal-regulated kinases) pathway responsible for tumour initiation and PI3K-AKT signalling pathway for progression and dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinomas. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is neoplasm.