The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor has proven to be an effective immunological target in solid tumor malignancies including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with response rates exceeding 40% in previously untreated melanomas [24, 25]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.