As shown in Fig. 1, Tollip-deficient mice displayed a rapid and significant loss in body weight (Fig. 1B), higher mortality (Fig. 1C), shorter colon length (Fig. 1D), and overall higher clinical features associated with gastrointestinal disease (Fig. 1E, Supplementary Fig. S1) as compared to WT mice following DSS challenge. This evidence concerns the gene TOLLIP and gastrointestinal disease.