Whereas a full knockout of the Vglut2/Slc17a6 gene was previously demonstrated as lethal (Moechars et al., 2006; Wallén-Mackenzie et al., 2006), some rare genetic variants of the human VGLUT2/SLC17A6 gene have been identified in schizophrenia and severe alcoholism (Flatscher-Bader et al., 2008; Shen et al., 2010; Comasco et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene SLC17A6 and alcohol dependence.