MIF and diabetes mellitus: Mif is a pleiotropic cytokine produced during the immune response by activated T cells, Mφ, DC, and a variety of nonimmune cells and plays a pivotal role in the systemic inflammatory immune response by promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6, which are involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as septic shock [25], cancer [26], inflammatory bowel disease [27, 28], rheumatoid arthritis [29, 30], obesity [31, 32], and diabetes [33–35].