BRAF and melanoma: For example, BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and dabrafenib) [4, 5] and MEK inhibitor (trametinib) [6] were approved for patients with melanoma bearing BRAF p.V600E mutation, anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab) for CRC without RAS mutations [7, 8], EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib and erlotinib) targeting certain EGFR mutations for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) [9, 10], and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (crizotinib) for NSCLC carrying the ALK gene translocations [11].