INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: For example, extracts from Magnolia have shown decrease in fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin as well as diabetic nephropathy prevention in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats [27], attenuate adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes [28], stimulate glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant murine and human adipocytes using the insulin signaling pathway [29], and control elevated stress-related cortisol level [30] in human.