Golf is associated with improvements in known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including physical inactivity,38 blood lipid and insulin–glucose levels,57, 66, 85 body composition57, 85 and aerobic fitness,57 although direct evidence and longitudinal trials assessing the medium-term and long-term impact of golf on coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease are lacking. Here, INS is linked to coronary artery disorder.