Our findings are consistent with previous findings that BMP7 is shown to induce phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in Barrett’s adenocarcinoma cells (Rees et al., 2006) and that BMP7 stimulates Smad3 target CAGA box promoter activity to a similar extent to that induced by TGF-β in a mammary epithelial cell line (Piek et al., 1999). Here, SMAD3 is linked to Barrett adenocarcinoma.