TIPE2 and neoplasm: To test this hypothesis, the expression of TIPE2 was determined by Western blot in the tumor and pericarcinomatous tissues collected from ten HCV-positive HCC patients; the interaction between TIPE2 and HCV-encoded non-structural proteins was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays, and tumorigenesis and its mechanisms were studied in cell models and nude mice.