MMA has been shown to inhibit Sp1 binding to other genes with GC rich promoter motifs [35], and Sp1 expression is also inhibited by MMA in a number of cell types, such as cervical cancer KB cell lines [36], human gastric cancer N87cell lines [37], primary neuronal cells [38] and prostate cancer PC3 and LNCaP cells [39]. Here, SP1 is linked to gastric cancer.