Conversely, known Vif targets APOBEC3C, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3D were all decreased by WT but not ΔVif HIV infection (Figure 4A), and APOBEC3B, which is resistant to Vif (Doehle et al., 2005), was unchanged across all conditions. This evidence concerns the gene APOBEC3B and HIV infectious disease.