Finally, regarding pulmonary fibrosis induced by P. brasiliensis infection, previous reports obtained from animal models have described the formation of granulomatous infiltrates starting at 4 weeks post-infection [57,58] and increased amounts of collagen, TGF-β and TNF- α levels [59,60] as observed in the present work. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.