IL4 and infection: Regarding cytokine and chemokine profiles, mice in which treatment with the mAb against neutrophils started at 4 weeks post-infection and evaluated at 12 weeks post-infection showed a significant decrease in levels of chemokines such as CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL1 (KC), LIF, CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL4 (MIP-1β), CXCL2 (MIP-2), CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL9 (MIG) and CXCL10 (IP-10) (Fig 3A and 3B), as well as most of the pro-inflammatory cytokines evaluated: IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, G-CSF, M-CSF and TNF-α (Fig 4A), when compared to control mice.