LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Because the major source of defensin may be leukocytes, the levels of urine defensin α1 (uDA1) and other known urinary proteins such as urine NGAL (uNGAL) and urine N-acetyl-β-d-glucosidase (uNAG), which are markers of acute kidney injury (AKI) and tubular dysfunction, respectively, were measured in samples obtained from patients in Manila, the Philippines following the 2012 flood.