Specifically, methylation levels of genomic DNA extracted from prostate tissue, dissected by laser-capture microscopy (LCM), from a subset of 45 PCa patients mainly selected from the PCRC (Dublin-based) TMA ranging from benign/BPH (N = 10) through to the progressive stages of PCa including proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA; N = 7), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN; N = 6), indolent (PCI; N = 7), aggressive (PCA; N = 8) and metastatic (PCM; N = 7) PCa samples was evaluated by hybridization (Prm1, with 10 specific CpG probes; Prm3, with 3 specific CpG probes). The gene discussed is PRM3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.