Recent studies have demonstrated a role of Nlrp3 inflammasome in sensing obesity-associated danger signals such as saturated free fatty acids and lipotoxicity-associated increases in intracellular ceramide to induce caspase-1 cleavage in macrophages and adipose tissue that contributes to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance [7, 32]. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.