ALDH2 and cancer: Although there are no published GWAS data for OPMD [11], [49], GWA studies of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT; Oral, pharynx, laryngeal, oesophageal cancers) have identified variants at 12q24 (rs4767364) in the ALDH2 gene, 4q21 (rs1494961) in the HELQ gene, rs1042758 (ADH1C), rs1229984 (ADH1B), and rs1573496 (ADH7) as being significantly associated with risk of all UADT cancers including oral cavity cancers [50], [51].