However, increased susceptibility for OPMD risk with SNPs in GSTM1 (null), CCND1 (G870A), XPD (codon 751) and MMP3 (-1171; promotor region) was seen equally across the majority of populations (Asians, Caucasians, Brazilians and others). Here, GSTM1 is linked to oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.