CD44 and breast carcinoma: Since CSC-associated markers for breast cancers include CD44, ALDH, EpCAM, CD133, ABCG2, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Klf4, we first determined whether expression of any of these CSC-associated markers was altered in our drug-resistant TNBC cells, and to the extent their expression was impacted by CFM-4.16.