CASP3 and cancer: Caspase-7 and -3 mutations that were previously reported to associate with cancer and rheumatoid arthritis9, 10, 11, 12, 13 demonstrated a significant association with PE sensitivity in the individual HapMap populations (CASP7, rs3814231, CEU, P = 0.01; CASP7, rs2227309, CEU, P = 0.02; CASP3, rs4647601, rs4647693, and rs1049216, East Asian populations CHB and JPT combined, P = 0.04 for each SNP) (Figs 2e and S1).