To determine whether CTHRC1 affects tumor-adjacent cells, including immune cells and ECs, during pancreatic cancer development, we orthotopically injected CTHRC1-overexpressing MiaPaCA-2 (MiaPaCa-2/CTHRC1) cells, which had been transfected with a CTHRC1 expression plasmid, into NSG mice. This evidence concerns the gene CTHRC1 and pancreatic neoplasm.