Indeed, RIP3 deficiency attenuated development of jaundice and cholestasis in severe chronic hepatitis induced by conditional deletion of TGF-β-activated kinase-1 in liver parenchymal cells, although aggravating hepatitis.17 Finally, HO-1 has been suggested to stimulate bile flow during ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis in rats.39 Here, HMOX1 is linked to hepatitis A virus infection.