Our data also have implications for understanding the extensive impact of EGFR signaling in lung cancer, as the EGF/EGFR axis has been described as a mediator of resistance to pharmacotherapy in vitro43 and in patients,44 as an inducer of populations with CSC features,45 and as demonstrated here, as a rapid and dynamic modulator of tumor phenotype and tumor susceptibility to immune attack. Here, EGF is linked to lung carcinoma.