Pairwise Mann–Whitney U analysis showed significant SAA increases in levels in benign and T1–T2 PCa (P=0.037), benign and control (P=0.001), T3–T4 and control (P<0.001) and T1–T2 and T3–T4 (P=0.002). The gene discussed is SAA1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.