On one hand, when compared with control mice, RON-/- mice (i. e. these mice have an abolished MSP-RON signaling pathway) exhibited reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL10), and the anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver, in response to LPS-induced acute endotoxemia [26]. Here, SOD1 is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.