TSC1 and acute myeloid leukemia: Hepatic AMLs, although uncommon, are also associated with TS complex.[44] Furthermore, the presence of hepatic AML is related to the presence of renal AML, and is more common in patients with germline mutations in TSC2 (9q34) than in TSC1 (16p13).[45] AML is a benign entity, and rare malignant transformation has been reported.[46] Although invasive growth of the tumor can occur, this pathological finding is not diagnostic of malignancy.[47] Most patients with hepatic AMLs present with no specific symptoms.