In multivariable analysis with the a priori inclusion of log10 vaginal and cervical HIV-1 viral load and of baseline CD4 count and bacterial vaginosis based on p values, there was still no significant change from baseline in HSV detection at any time point during the first month of ART, including at day 28 (adjusted IRR 1.64, 95% CI 0.43–6.33). Here, CD4 is linked to bacterial vaginosis.