ACE and hypertensive disorder: The majority of the negative haemodynamic (vasoconstriction and hypertension) and cellular (collagen synthesis, collagen deposition and cytokine production) [14–16] effects of Ang II is mediated by the renin/ACE/Ang II–AT-1 receptor axis, the well-established target of ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers.